Jeon Mi-do made her acting debut in the musical Mr. Mouse in 2006.
She made her television debut in the 2018 series Mother in which she played a minor role. The following year, she made her big-screen debut in the fantasy film Metamorphosis.
Jeon landed her first lead role in a television series with the medical drama Hospital Playlist. When she first auditioned, she thought it was to play one of the patients but director Shin Won-ho told her he was considering her for the lead role. During an interview, director Shin said that "Although we make the character, we felt she was destined to play Song-hwa." Her performance earned her a nomination for Best New Actress in the television category at the 56th Baeksang Arts Awards.

Metamorphosis
Girl's Mother
2019
The Man Who Lives with the King

Resident Playbook
Chae Song-hwa · (1 episode)
2025

A-List to Playlist
Self · (2 episodes)
2024

Connection
Oh Yoon-jin · (14 episodes)
2024

Nattering with Nah
(3 episodes)
2023

Thirty-Nine
Jeong Chan-young · (12 episodes)
2022

Three Meals a Day: Doctors
Self · (9 episodes)
2021

The Game Caterers
Self · (4 episodes)
2021

Hospital Playlist Goes Camping
Herself · (13 episodes)
2021

Next Entertainment, Visionary
Self · (1 episode)
2021

Hospital Playlist Throwback
Herself · (43 episodes)
2020

Hospital Playlist
Chae Song-hwa · (24 episodes)
2020

슬기로운 의사생활
Chae Song-hwa · (1 episode)
2020

Mother
Ra-Ra · (16 episodes)
2018

You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook
Self · (1 episode)
2009